A type of still life painting showing the ingredients of a simple meal. Banketjestukken were developed in the 1620's and 1630's in Holland, particularly in Haarlem by artist such as Pieter Claesz and Willem Claesz Heda. Typical contents included bread, cheese, fish, fruit and nuts, and a tankard of ale, all carefully laid out on a table. Breakfast pieces were painted in a relatively severe, monochrome palette, very different from the show and splendour of pronksyilleven.
A term first used in 1837 specifically to describe the art associated with Charlemagne, king of the franks, who was crowned holly Roman Emperor in Rome in 800. Charlemagne's own empire expanded to include parts of modern day France, Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and Italy. He was particularly concerned to achieve a revival of the idea of the later, Christian Roman empire under the emperors Constantine and Theodosius. The art produced during his reign was a fusion of *Insular, late antique, and *Byzantine traditions. It embraced architecture, sculpture, manuscript illumination, and liturgical objects: amongst its many glories were the palace complex at Aachen and the abbey churches of St Denis and Fulda. More generally the term is also applied to the art produced under Charlemagne's successors up to the beginning of the 10th century.
The white or cloudy appearance of the surface of aged varnish films on paintings, it is caused by the presence of minute cracks or pores which diffuse light.
A loosely used term associated with art which which debunks the traditional categories or concepts of art. It was supposedly coined by Marcel Duchamp in 1914. Dada was considered the first anti-art movement.
Art which is deliberately intended to self destruct. The concept was developed in the 1950's, most notably by Gustav Metzger who originated the term and wrote several manifestos. An example of his auto destructive art was his painting patterns in acid on nylon until the nylon was eventual destroyed. Another major exponent was Jean Tinguely, who's giant motorized junk assemblage Homage to New York self destructed in front of a distinguished audience in the sculpture garden of the museum of Modern Art, New York 1960.
The most commonly used diluent or thinner for oil paint, it is distilled from the resinous liquid exuded by various species of pine.
(Italian, 'three hundred') A term used to describe the 14th century (the 1300's) in Italian art.
A term denoting the particular quality of brightness, deepness, or hue of a tint or shade of a colour.
The final layer of plaster on which a fresco is painted. It is laid in sections small enough to be painted on before they dry out.
A French term for an artist studio or workshop.
